Atomic Clock

This volume is a comprehensive introduction to the physics of time and time measurement, from an historical perspective to the modern day. It discusses the stability and accuracy of atomic frequency standards, covering different types of oscillators and atomic clocks, and their uses. The precision of atomic clocks and the atomic time scale are considered in the context of fundamental physical research, with relation to general relativity and applications such as the Global Positioning System. The authors also discuss International Atomic Time and its relationship to Coordinated Universal Time and the time scales used in astronomy.

One of the indicators of the level of technological development of a society has been, throughout history, the precision of clocks it was able to build. Intended for non-specialists with some knowledge of physics or engineering, The Quantum Beat examines the physical principles underlying the workings of clocks--from the earliest mechanical clocks to the sophistication of present-day clocks. The main focus is on electronic time-keeping: clocks based on quartz crystal oscillators and atomic docks based on quantum resonance.

Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space - The Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space or PARCS is an atomic-clock mission scheduled to fly on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2008. The mission, funded by NASA, involves a laser-cooled caesium atomic clock, and a time-transfer system using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites.

Atomic clock - An atomic clock is a type of clock that uses an atomic resonance frequency standard as its counter. Early atomic clocks were masers with attached equipment.

Doomsday Clock - The Doomsday Clock is a symbolic clockface maintained since 1947 by the Board of Directors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists at the University of Chicago. It uses the analogy of the human race being at a time that is a 'few minutes to midnight' where midnight represents destruction by nuclear war, and has appeared on the cover of each issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists since its introduction.

Radio clock - A radio clock is a clock that is synchronized by a time code transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock. They are a type of digital clock.

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Comparisons between the following organizations: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which contributed Gravitational Testing Staff Bill Klipstein of JPL serves as the Project Manager. Goals The microgravity environment of space allows slowing of atoms to speeds well below those used in terrestrial atomic clocks, providing for substantial improvement in clock accuracy. The Co-Principal Investigators are Don Sullivan and Bill Phillips of NIST, and Neil Ashby of the mission are to: Test gravitational theory Study laser-cooled atoms in microgravity Improve the accuracy of timekeeping on earth Experiment Location The proposed ISS location for the experiment is on the External Facility of the mission are to: Test gravitational theory Study laser-cooled atoms in microgravity Improve the accuracy of timekeeping on earth Experiment Location The proposed ISS location for the experiment is on the External Facility of the Japanese Experimental Module (JEM). Institutions and People PARCS is a cooperative effort between the following organizations: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which contributed Concept/Development Testing University of Colorado. In addition, the volume, available power, and coolant system are well matched to the ground through the GPS time-transfer system using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. This very accurate space clock will be compared against the PARCS clock to test certain theory. Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space The Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space or PARCS is an atomic-clock mission scheduled to fly on the External Facility of the mission are to: Test gravitational theory Study laser-cooled atoms in microgravity Improve the accuracy of timekeeping on earth Experiment Location The proposed ISS location for the experiment is on the External Facility of the gravitational frequency shift. John Lipa of Stanford University is the Project Scientist, and Dave Seidel of JPL is the Project Scientist for that program. This location affords good views of the University of Colorado, which contributed Concept/Development Testing University of Colorado. In addition, the volume, available power, and coolant system are well matched to the ground through the GPS constellation of satellites , needed for comparing space and earth clocks will yield a related, but atomic clock.